sexta-feira, 16 de abril de 2010

O perigo das nuvens de cinzas vulcânicas

Entenda os perigos de voar em nuvens de cinzas vulcânicas
Se partículas de cinzas vulcânicas entrarem na turbina de um avião elas se acumulam e entopem o motor com material derretido. Na foto, vulcão em erupção na Islândia, que causou o fechamento dos aeroportos do norte da Europa. [Imagem: NASA]
Entupimento das turbinas
A decisão das autoridades de aviação da Grã-Bretanha de fechar o espaço aéreo do país, nesta quinta-feira, diante da proximidade de uma nuvem de cinzas originada por um vulcão na Islândia, trouxe à tona um perigo relativamente pouco conhecido por passageiros e leigos.
Segundo especialistas, esse tipo de fenômeno é capaz de estragar janelas e estruturas de aeronaves, ou até parar as turbinas dos aviões em pleno voo.
"Se partículas de cinzas vulcânicas entram em uma turbina, elas se acumulam e entopem o motor com material derretido", explicou à BBC David Rothery, especialista em vulcões da Open University.
Fogo de Santelmo
Em um dos incidentes mais dramáticos já registrados, em 1982, um Boeing da British Airways com 263 passageiros a bordo ficou com as turbinas travadas durante vários minutos depois de atravessar uma nuvem de cinzas na Indonésia.
Ao perder altitude e sair da nuvem, o material derretido se condensou e se soltou, e os motores voltaram a funcionar.
Tripulantes e passageiros depois relataram que o avião também ficou cercado de faíscas - por causa do fenômeno conhecido como Fogo de Santelmo -, que as janelas foram atingidas pelo que parecia ser areia e que um forte cheiro de enxofre invadiu a cabine, forçando-os a respirar com máscaras de oxigênio.
Com as vidraças quebradas, os pilotos foram obrigados a aterrissar apenas por instrumentos em Jacarta.
Em 1989, uma aeronave da KLM sofreu problemas semelhantes ao atravessar uma nuvem de cinzas vulcânicas no Alasca.
Fugir das nuvens de cinzas
Segundo Rothery, o incidente resultou em uma mudança nas instruções de emergência para pilotos nestes casos.
"Antigamente, quando os motores começavam a falhar, a prática comum era aumentar a potência. Mas isso só piora o problema das cinzas", explicou.
"Hoje em dia, o piloto desacelera e perde altitude para tentar sair da nuvem de cinzas assim que possível. Uma rajada de ar frio e limpo normalmente é suficiente para limpar e desentupir as turbinas."

Cinzas nas turbinas
Mesmo que não resulte em um incidente grave, a invasão de cinzas em uma turbina faz com que ela seja praticamente inutilizada para futuros voos, de acordo com David Learnout, especialista em aviação do site Flight Global.com.
Em entrevista à BBC Brasil, Learnout disse que isso gera um prejuízo econômico enorme para as companhias aéreas.
"Mesmo que a turbina volte a funcionar, ela perde sua eficiência e passa a gastar muito mais combustível", explicou. "A companhia aérea tem que simplesmente jogar fora esses motores danificados. E o motor responde por um terço do custo de uma aeronave."
Além disso, a maneira como as cinzas atingem o avião altera a forma de todos os seus componentes, segundo Learnout.
Segundo Dougal Jerram, geólogo da Universidade de Durham, as nuvens de cinzas vulcânicas são lançadas na atmosfera após a erupção explosiva de vulcões.
"Se forem lançadas a uma grande altitude, essas cinzas podem chegar às correntes de ar e serem dispersadas pelo resto do planeta, como por exemplo, da Islândia para o resto da Europa", disse. "E é nessas altitudes que os aviões voam."
Fonte: BBC Brasil via site Inovação Tecnológica e Pousada Congonhas

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será que com esses motores inutilizados,esse pessoal que os cria não poderia criar algo para não precisa jogar-lo fora assim como por exemplo um motor eolico que converteria esta energia na turbina e assim tendo uma troca de vento para energia e enrgia para vento assim podemndo ser utilizado para ciara energia e transformar em uma maquina continua
.

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